Government Regulation Regulation by government authorities in the United States and foreign countries is a significant factor in the development, manufacture and marketing of our proposed products and in our ongoing research and product development activities. Learn more   Glossary of Terms Analgesic A medication that alleviates pain, without causing loss of consciousness. Angina Chest pain that occurs secondary to an inadequate delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle. Anxiety disorders Disorders in which anxiety(persistent feeling of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness) is the predominant disturbance. Benzodiazepines (BDZs) A compound that commonly targets a subset of GABA receptors commonly referred to as GABAA receptors. Examples: Valium, Librium and Xanax. Calcium Channel Blocker A drug that blocks the entry of calcium into cells, thereby preventing cell death and loss of function caused by excess calcium. Central Nervous System Includes the brain, cranial nerves and spinal cord. Does not include muscles or peripheral nerves. Depression Is a disorder in which the affected person experiences a mental state of sadness, despair, discouragement, and hopelessness. Other symptoms may include apathy, withdrawal from social contact, an inability to experience pleasure, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, low energy levels, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of suicide. Diltiazem A calcium channel blocker with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of the calcium ion in membrane function. Dopamine A catecholamine neurotransmitter and hormone. A precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Double-blind A clinical study in which neither the participants, nor the clinicians know which treatment any particular subject is receiving in the study. Efficacy Effectiveness, the ability of a drug to control or cure symptoms and/or illness. Epilepsy Neurological disease that may result in transient disturbances of brain function with episodic impairment or loss of consciousness, abnormal motor phenomena, or other disturbances of the autonomic nervous system. Gamma aminobutryic acid (GABA) An important amino acid which functions as the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It works with a derivative of Vitamin B-6, in response to an electrical signal in the neuron and inhibits message transmission. This helps control the nerve cells from firing too fast, which could overload the system. Glutamate Major fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Glutamate Receptors Specific proteins that recognize the transmitter, glutamate. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) Consists of approximately 14 items, each defined by a series of symptoms. The HAMA was one of the first rating scales, introduced in 1959, to quantify the severity of anxiety symptomatology. It was included in the National Institute of Mental Healths Early Clinical Drug Evaluation Program Assessment Manual, designed to provide a standard battery of assessments for use in psychotropic drug evaluation. Hypertension Persistently high arterial blood pressure. IMS IMS HEALTH, Inc. is the worlds leading provider of information solutions to the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. With nearly 50 years of experience, they use leading-edge technologies to transform billions of pharmaceutical records collected from thousands of sources worldwide into valuable strategic insights for their clients. For more information go to www.imshealth.com Insomnia Insomnia is defined as a persistent complaint of difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, or of not feeling rested after an otherwise adequate amount of sleep. Ion Channels A transmembrane pore that presents a hydrophilic channel for ions to cross a lipid bilayer down their electrochemical gradients. Narcotic analgesic: Medications that relieves pain but has addictive potential if used regularly. Neuronal Pertaining to neuron or neurons, which are any of the conducting cells of the nervous system. Neurotransmitter Endogenous signaling molecules that alter the behavior of neurons or effector cells. Neurotransmitter is used here in its most general sense, including not only messengers that act directly to regulate ion channels, but also those that act at second messenger systems and those that act at a distance from original site of release. Neurotransmitter Receptors Cell surface proteins that recognize a specific transmitter and trigger intracellular changes. Norepinephrine Aspecialized hormone, the neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system. Opiate A remedy containing or derived from opium, also any drug that induces sleep. Pain Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage and/ or discomfort. Pharmacokinetic: The action of drugs in the body over a period of time, including the processes of absorption, distribution and excretion. Placebo A medicinal preparation having no specific pharmacological activity against ailment, used in clinical studies for analytical purposes. SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) Class of drugs that are used as antidepressants. Functionally they increase the levels of serotonin in the body. Ie: Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil. Serotonin A neurotransmitter and hormone. Synapses Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. Transport Proteins A class of transmembrane protein that allows substances to cross plasma membranes far faster than would be possible than diffusion alone.